To change your email address, log in to your account, go to Settings > Profile, and click on Edit next to your email address. You will need to verify the new email using an OTP sent to it.

The platform uses bank-grade security with SSL encryption, two-factor authentication, secure API integrations with banks and AMCs, regular security audits, and compliance with RBI and SEBI cybersecurity guidelines.

Think of an FME as your specialized fund manager in GIFT City; they are the professional entities registered with the Regulatort Authority i.e. International Financial Servies Centres Authority (IFSCA) to create and manage the investment funds you see in the IFSC.

If you have forgotten your password, click on Forgot Password on the login page. Enter your registered email address, and you will receive a link to reset your password.

Yes, the platform is accessible globally, though certain features may be restricted based on your country of residence due to regulatory requirements, particularly for US and Canada residents.

If you are a first time investor in Indian Mutual Funds and want to do KYC (Know Your Customer) registration, you have to be present in India.

For GIFT City, you can do your first time registration from a list of approved countries.

Details for No. of Nominees which can be added :

•        Up to 10 nominees allowed per folio as per regulation.
•         Allocation must total 100% among nominees.
•         Nominees can be NRI, OCI, or resident Indian.
•         Adding nominees ensures smooth transfer of funds to the intended person.
•         Changes can be made anytime through the app or website, subject to KYC verification.

For NRE Account: Full repatriation allowed.

For NRO Account: Up to USD 1 million per financial year (April–March), net of taxes.

It depends on your investment level. Authorised FMEs are for start-ups and family offices, Registered FMEs (Non-Retail) cater to high-net-worth and accredited investors, and Registered FMEs (Retail) manage mutual funds open to everyone.

Yes, you can request account deletion from the Settings page. If you have active investments, you may need to redeem or transfer them before your account can be closed.

Addition of nominee or changes are sent to the central KYC Registry Agents (KRA) on a real-time basis and is updated once approved by the KRA.

This is essentially a Mutual Fund based in GIFT City. It is open to all types of investors, has no limit on the total number of participants, and follows strict rules to protect everyday investors.

Yellowrock follows a transparent pricing model. We don't charge any fees. There are no hidden charges.

Yes. Nominations can be modified at any time and as many times as necessary through our app.

These are private investment funds (like Hedge Funds or Private Equity) designed for sophisticated or "Accredited" investors who are comfortable with higher investment minimums.

Payments can be made through your linked :

• Regular Savings Account if you are a Resident Indian through UPI or Internet Banking
• NRE or NRO Bank Account if you are an NRI through UPI or Internet Banking
• You can set up UPI Autopay or e-mandate with Internet Banking for SIP investments.

• Your Overseas Account, if you are investing in GIFT City Funds via SWIFT or online Bank Transfer

You can opt-out of nomination not submitting a nominee at the time of account creation or by submitting a declaration form. However, nomination is strongly recommended to avoid legal complications for your beneficiaries.

Yes, if the investment was made from an NRE account, the funds are fully repatriable.

You qualify as an Accredited Investor if you meet specific wealth or asset criteria set by the Regulatory Authority, which allows you to participate in exclusive funds with more flexible terms.

Investing through Yellowrock is simple and completely online. Here is how :
 
1. Log on to your Yellowrock account.
2. Go to Explore and browse by category for various categories of funds.
3. Complete your KYC if not already done - it takes 5 to 10 minutes.
4. Select your preferred fund, choose SIP or LumpSum, Enter the amount, and Confirm. You can start a SIP from as low as Rs.500 per month.
 
(Mutual Fund Investments are subject to market risks. Please read all scheme related documents before investing).

It is a specialized fund that pools money to invest in the early stages of start-ups and new businesses that are building innovative products or technology.

No, Yellowrock is not exclusively for NRIs. While the platform was primarily built to simplify wealth management and cross-border investments for all Indians including NRI's. Most digital platforms do not support transactions for NRI's. At Yellowrock, NRI's are fully eligible and welcome to invest.

The platform provides a seamless digital onboarding experience for all users, whether you are investing locally or managing funds from abroad.

A sub-set of VC funds where "Angel Investors" back very early-stage ventures. These are unique because you often get to give "express consent" for each specific startup the fund chooses to invest in.

Yes, absolutely. Yellowrock allows you to build a highly diversified portfolio by investing in multiple mutual funds simultaneously. You can easily allocate your capital across various asset classes—including Equity, Debt, and Hybrid funds or GOLD/Silver ETF's, funds which focus on India or even Overseas markets like US, China, Europe, Taiwan or Japan —to perfectly align with your specific risk tolerance and financial goals.

Yes, you can buy "IFSC ETFs" that are listed and traded on the local stock exchanges, covering everything from gold and commodities to specific stock indices.

The minimum investment amount is highly flexible and depends on your preferred approach. You can start building wealth with as little as ₹100 per month through Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs). If you prefer making one-time investments, lump sum deposits start from ₹5,000. However, we would recommend that you should invest as per your financial goals and capability.

(Please note that minimum requirements may vary slightly depending on the specific mutual fund scheme you choose.)

These are specialized funds that invest in "stressed" assets, such as companies going through a turnaround or insolvency process, aiming for growth through recovery.

Tracking your investments is seamless through the Yellowrock Portfolio and Tansactions pages available both on web and app.

The platform provides real-time portfolio tracking equipped with detailed analytics, customized performance reports, and actionable market insights. This allows you to monitor your overall asset allocation and visualize your returns at a single glance.

CAN is a Common Account Number, which serves as a single reference for all consolidating Mutual Fund investments with your consent. You dont have to apply or register for it seperately. It is generated in course of onboarding with Yellowrock and is one of the differentiating features.

This is a private vehicle designed for a single family to manage and grow their collective wealth across global and Indian assets.

To successfully complete your KYC verification, you will need to submit clear copies of the following documents:

• Proof of Identity - Aadhaar or valid Passport

• Your PAN card

• Proof of your  address (such as a recent utility bill, bank statement, or driving licence)

• A cancelled cheque from your linked regular bank account if you are a resident Indian; NRE or NRO bank account if you are an NRI.

It is a specialized fund that aims to grow your wealth over the long term by investing in various SEBI-registered mutual funds within India.

KYC verification typically takes 24 to 48 hours during normal working days once all the required documents have been submitted correctly.

As soon as your KYC is successfully processed and approved, you will receive a confirmation notification via email.

Yes. We use bank-grade 256-bit encryption and follow strict data protection protocols in full compliance with SEBI and RBI regulations to ensure your personal and financial information remains secure at all times.

Yes, GIFT City offers funds with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) goals. These funds must clearly disclose how they manage sustainability risks in their investment decisions.

We share your data only with necessary regulatory bodies and authorized service partners (such as Asset Management Companies, KYC Registration Agencies, and secure payment gateways) strictly to facilitate your investment transactions. We respect your privacy and will never sell your personal data to third parties.

These include Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) that allow you to invest in large-scale property or infrastructure projects.

First, ensure you are entering the correct email address and password. If the issue persists, use the 'Forgot Password' option to reset your credentials. You can also resolve many common login issues by clearing your browser's cache and cookies, or by trying to access the platform using a different web browser.

These are funds set up in GIFT City specifically to help you invest your money into markets and financial products located in other countries.

Please make sure you are running the latest version of the Yellowrock App from your device's App Store/Play Store. If an update doesn't resolve the problem, try completely uninstalling and reinstalling the application. If the app continues to crash, please contact our support team and provide your specific device details (phone model and operating system version) so we can investigate and assist you further.

Generally, you need to invest at least USD 150,000 to join these private funds.

Payment failures typically occur due to

• Temporary bank server issues or
• Insufficient funds in your linked account
• Rejection by Mutual Fund or RTA in case your KYC/nominee/signature details are found insufficient
• Rejection in case there is temporary/permanent suspension of additional investments in a fund

Please check your bank account balance and try processing the transaction again after some time. We will also update/communicate the payment acceptance status in your app/web and on mail.

If the money was deducted from your account but the transaction failed, do not worry—it will be automatically refunded to your source bank account within 5 to 7 working days.

These typically require a minimum investment of USD 250,000.

It generally takes 1 to 2 working days for new investment transactions to be fully processed by the mutual fund house (AMC) and updated in your Yellowrock dashboard. If it has been longer than this standard timeframe and your investment is still not reflecting, please contact our support team with your transaction details for assistance.

Yes! If you are certified as an Accredited Investor, the standard minimum thresholds (like the USD 150,000 or USD 250,000 limits) are lowered to $50,000 or less. Different funds may have different limits.

Yellowrock is a digital investment platform built exclusively for Indians everywhere including Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs), and Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) and of course Resident Indians. We enable seamless investments in Indian Mutual Funds through a secure app and website— without Paperwork, Bank visits, or Cross-Border hassles.

You must commit to investing at least USD 40,000 over a period of five years.

Our services are designed for Indians everywhere including Resident Indians, Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), including Indian citizens living abroad, Indian passport holders with valid international visas, foreign passport holders, Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs), and Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs).

If you have an NRE or NRO account, you are eligible to invest.

Note: The PIO scheme has now been merged with the OCI scheme.

The standard entry point is USD 150,000, though this is waived if you are an Accredited Investor.

We allow you to discover a range of mutual funds with best returns as per your financial goals.

Our app and website has automated and simplified the entire documentation process for onboarding. It gives you realtime performance of funds form best mutual fund houses to choose and invest as per your requirements

Transparent, simple, seamless investing tailored to your global lifestyle.

Retail funds in GIFT City can start from a minimum of $500. Though, this minimum limit is $5000 for most retail funds.

You’re an NRI if you're an Indian citizen living outside India for :

•    Employment/business stays exceeding 182 days (6 months) in a financial year (Apr-Mar).

 OR

•    Residing abroad indefinitely (e.g., work visa, green card holder).

Example: An Indian passport holder working in the UAE for 8 months/year.

Retail funds have no limit, while Restricted Schemes are usually capped at 1,000 investors, and VC schemes are capped at 50 investors.

(Note: PIO card scheme merged with OCI in 2015, but existing cards remain valid)

On January 9, 2015, The Government of India has merged the PIO (Person of Indian Origin) category with the OCI (Overseas Citizen of India) category :

•         No new PIO cards are issued.
•         Existing PIO cardholders remain eligible and are legally recognized as OCI cardholders.

You qualify as PIO if you have foreign citizenship  (except a national of Pakistan, Afghanistan Bangladesh, China, Iran, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Nepal) :

•        At least one parent/grandparent/great-grandparent was born in India, OR
•        Were a citizen of India on or after January 26, 1950

PIO Cardholders: Can use Yellow Rock if holding a valid PIO card (even after OCI merger).

NRIs can only invest through :

• NRE (Non-Resident External) Account.
• NRO (Non-Resident Ordinary) Account.

Regular resident savings accounts are not permitted for NRI's. Foreign bank Accounts are permitted for investment in GIFT City Funds only.

Yes, you can invest jointly with your spouse, parents, or children to meet the minimum investment thresholds required by the fund.

You're an OCI if you have foreign citizenship AND:

•    Were eligible for Indian citizenship on Jan 26, 1950, OR
•    Belong to a territory that became part of India after Aug 15, 1947, OR
•    Are a child/grandchild of such a person.

Key Benefit: OCIs get lifetime visa-free entry to India and near-NRI financial rights.

It depends on the fund house and the Investor's preference:

•    NRE accounts allow Repatriable Investments (recommended if you plan to transfer gains abroad).
•    NRO accounts allow Non-Repatriable Investments if you plan to use these funds in India in future.

Every investment the fund makes in a startup is locked in for at least one year.

Your status as an NRI (Non-Resident Indian), PIO (Person of Indian Origin), or OCI (Overseas Citizen of India) significantly impacts investing in Indian mutual funds due to regulations from SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India), Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA) and tax laws. These rules govern the eligibility, banking channels, compliance, repatriation of funds, and taxation.

Here’s why your residency status is crucial:

1. Regulatory Eligibility :

• Only NRIs, PIOs, and OCIs are legally allowed to invest in Indian mutual funds through Indian bank accounts (NRE/NRO).
• Foreign nationals without Indian origin cannot invest directly in Indian mutual funds.

2. Bank Account Type Matters :

          Your category determines which type of bank account you must use to invest:

Yellowrock (and its partner mutual funds) must ensure that you’re using the right account type  during onboarding to ensure compliance.

3. Tax Implications :

• Your tax treatment depends on whether you are Resident or Non-Resident under Indian tax law.
• NRIs/OCIs may face TDS (Tax Deducted at Source) on capital gains before repatriation.
• Some countries (like the U.S. and Canada) have additional restrictions — many AMCs don’t allow investments from U.S./Canadian NRIs due to FATCA/CRS compliance issues. Only a limited number AMCs allow it, often with extra requirements.

4. KYC & Compliance :

• SEBI mandates all investors to undergo NRI-specific KYC verification, including:
• Valid Passport and visa/OCI/PIO card copy.
• Overseas address proof (utility bill, bank statement, etc).
• FATCA/CRS self declaration (for U.S. tax compliance)
• Video Verification (IPV).
• Yellowrock’s onboarding flow ensures you meet these compliance steps before allowing any transactions.

5. Repatriation and Redemption Rules :

When you redeem your mutual fund units:

• Repatriation of funds abroad is only allowed if investment was made through NRE/FCNR accounts.
• If made via NRO accounts, redemption proceeds generally stay in India (non-repatriable).

Yes, the law provides significant tax incentives for funds relocating to GIFT City, which is intended to make it a global financial hub.

You can redeem investments online through the Yellowrock platform by :

·        Log in to your Account.

·        Select the Scheme.

·        Choose Partial or Full Redemption.

·        Specify number of Units or Amount.

·        Confirm the Transaction (with OTP/UPI mandate).

·    Proceeds will be Credited to your Registered Account.

Funds must appoint independent "Fiduciaries" (like Trustees or Directors) who are legally responsible for ensuring your money is managed in your best interest.

Redemption timelines depend on the scheme and the time the request is submitted. If placed before the cut-off time, the same day’s NAV is applied; otherwise, the next business day’s NAV applies.

The proceeds are typically credited to your registered bank account within 2–7 business days. Delays may occur due to bank processing, RBI repatriation rules (for NRO accounts), bank holidays, or incomplete documentation.

To ensure they are motivated to succeed, fund managers are usually required to invest their own money (often 2.5% to 5% of the fund) alongside yours.

Exit loads may apply if you redeem units before the specified period (typically one year for equity funds). The exit load varies by scheme and is detailed in the scheme document.

Every fund must use an independent expert (like a registered valuer or custodian) to determine the fair value of the fund's investments.

TDS is usually deducted by the AMC at the time of redemption before the proceeds are credited to your bank account. The AMC provides a TDS certificate, which can be used for tax filing or refund claims.

Every fund manager must have a clear process for resolving grievances, and you always have the right to approach the Authority (IFSCA) if you aren't satisfied.

Yes, you can set up an SWP to receive regular payouts from your mutual fund investments. This enables systematic redemption of units or an amount to generate a steady income.

Yes. If you don't have one because you don't have taxable income in India, you must provide a specific declaration to the fund.

Download the App and Complete the following Steps :

•    Enter your basic details: Provide your personal information, including your PAN.
•    Complete online KYC: Upload the required documents based on your status:

 1. NRI (Non-Resident Indian):

•    Passport (mandatory)
•    PAN card (mandatory)
•    Valid visa or work permit (to prove NRI status)
•    Overseas address proof (utility bill, bank statement, driving licence, or government-issued ID, not older than 3 months)
•    FATCA/CRS declaration

 2. OCI (Overseas Citizen of India):

•    OCI card (mandatory)
•    Passport and PAN card
•    Overseas address proof (utility bill, bank statement, or government-issued ID, not older than 3 months)
•    FATCA/CRS declaration

 3. Former PIO cardholder:

•    PIO card (if still valid) or OCI card (recommended)
•    Passport and PAN card
•    Overseas address proof (utility bill, bank statement, or government-issued ID)
•    FATCA/CRS declaration
•    Link your bank account: Connect your NRE or NRO bank account for transactions.
•    Verify your account: Upload your wet signature and complete the e-sign process.

The entire process is fully digital, takes around 10 minutes, and requires minimal paperwork.

You will primarily need a copy of your Indian Passport and standard identity documents.

Yes, KYC (Know Your Customer) is mandatory before investing in mutual funds in India. You can complete KYC and open your account through the app, including document upload and e-sign.

As an Overseas Citizen of India, your OCI Card is a mandatory part of your onboarding documents.

Yes. Please notify us within 30 days of your status change. We will assist you in converting your portfolio to NRI-compliant mode and help you link your new NRE or NRO bank account.

All your transactions and fund units will be in a freely convertible foreign currency, such as US Dollars.

No, physical presence is not required. For first time registration and KYC, you have to be in India for which we need location tracking to be enabled in our app and website. The entire process—from KYC to portfolio tracking—is 100% online.

Yes, you can invest in "outbound" funds using the RBI’s Liberalized Remittance Scheme (LRS).

Yes, many NRIs residing in major jurisdictions can invest in Indian mutual funds through Yellowrock, provided they comply with KYC, FATCA/CRS, and any local regulations in their country of residence.

Some AMCs may have country-specific restrictions. If a particular AMC does not accept investors from your country, Yellowrock will notify you.

It’s a "fast-track" for funds meant for sophisticated investors, allowing them to start accepting your investment immediately after they file their paperwork.

Typical documents required include:

• Passport (first page and visa page, if applicable)
• PAN card (mandatory)
• Overseas address proof (utility bill, bank statement, residence permit, or government-issued ID)
• Recent passport-size photograph
• Proof of Indian bank account (NRE/NRO account details)
• FATCA/CRS self-declaration

Additional notarised or apostilled documents may be required depending on your country of residence and the AMC/RTA requirements.

Payments are generally made via an international bank transfer, and you'll need to provide a SWIFT MT103 message as proof of payment. Some funds allow online bank transfer as well. 

For mutual funds, it's usually daily. For private "Restricted" funds, it is at least monthly.

Most NRIs can invest in Indian mutual funds. However, there may be restrictions for residents of certain countries.

NRIs residing in the United States and Canada may face limitations due to FATCA and CRS compliance requirements, as some Asset Management Companies (AMCs) do not accept investments from these jurisdictions. Additionally, some fund houses may restrict investments from specific regions, such as North Korea or certain African countries.

Yes, fund managers must provide you with information about your holdings every month and an audited annual report once a year.

You should notify Yellowrock and your AMCs immediately after your status changes.

A change to resident status may require:

• Conversion of your NRE/NRO accounts
• Updating your KYC to resident status (if applicable)
• Re-linking your bank mandates

Some NRE/NRO accounts cannot be continued once you become a resident. Failure to update your status may lead to transaction issues and regulatory non-compliance.

Only with the consent of two-thirds of the investors (by value).

NRE Account:

• Fully repatriable funds
• Interest is tax-free in India
• Must be funded from overseas income
• Can be held jointly only with another NRI

NRO Account:

• Repatriation is limited to USD 1 million per year
• Interest is taxable in India
• Can receive both Indian and foreign income
• Can be held jointly with Indian residents

No. Mutual fund transactions are settled in INR. NRIs must route payments through their linked NRE or NRO accounts in India.

Generally, a single NRI or OCI cannot contribute more than 25% of the total fund corpus.

You should notify the AMC or Yellowrock immediately after your residential status changes.

You will need to:

• Complete NRI KYC
• Provide your NRE or NRO bank account details (as applicable)
• Update your FATCA/CRS declarations

The fund will need to see your Certificate of Incorporation, your rules (MoA/AoA), and a flowchart showing who the Ultimate Beneficial Owners are.

A mutual fund is a pool of money collected from investors and managed by a professional fund manager, who invests in assets such as equities, bonds, and money market instruments.

The regulator ensures that both the people managing the fund and the major investors have a clean record of honesty, integrity, and financial soundness.

NRIs can invest in a wide range of SEBI-regulated mutual funds, including equity, debt, hybrid, and ETFs.

Common categories include:

• Equity funds
• Debt funds
• Hybrid funds
• Liquid funds
• Tax-saving ELSS (Equity Linked Savings Scheme) funds
• Gold or Silver Funds
• Funds with investments in Global or Overseas markets like US, Europe, China or Japan.

However, investment availability may vary based on your country of residence, as some fund houses have country-specific restrictions especially for US or Canada persons.

The fund must be fully redeemed and your money returned to you, unless the investors vote to extend its life.

Yes, these are called "Fund of Funds" and they are allowed to invest in other schemes in GIFT City, India, or globally.

Yes — there are restrictions on the countries from which NRIs, OCIs, or former PIOs can invest in Indian mutual funds, mainly due to regulatory and compliance reasons (FEMA, RBI, SEBI, and international tax laws).

1. Restricted Countries :

• NRIs/OCIs cannot invest from countries that the Government of India has explicitly restricted under FEMA or RBI notifications, or where AMCs face regulatory/operational restrictions.
• Currently, the most notable restrictions are on residents of :

o    Pakistan

o    Bangladesh

o  Any other country declared restricted by the Government of India or AMCs due to sanctions or legal restrictions.

Investors from these countries are not eligible to invest in Indian mutual funds through Yellowrock.

2. Other Considerations :

• Some countries may require additional documentation or compliance, e.g. :

o    United States & Canada: FATCA regulations may require extra forms; some AMCs do not allow US-resident NRIs to invest.

o    Australia, UK, Singapore, UAE, etc.: Usually allowed, provided KYC, FATCA/CRS, and bank remittance rules are satisfied.

• Yellowrock performs country-specific eligibility checks during registration to ensure compliance.

3. Implication for Yellowrock Users :

• • During onboarding, you must declare your country of residence.
  • Yellowrock will automatically:

1.     Validate the eligibility  if investments are permitted from that country.

2.     Ensure you provide required tax / compliance documents (FATCA/CRS).

3.     Restrict access if the country is prohibited or if the AMC does not allow investments from your jurisdiction.

Yes, specifically through Gold ETFs, which must hold at least 90% of their value in physical gold or bullion receipts.

NRIs can invest through :

 - NRE (Non-Resident External) Account

 - NRO (Non-Resident Ordinary) Account

Generally no, unless they specifically state they are personally guaranteeing the return and it is clearly written in your agreement.

It depends on the fund house and the investor's preference :

 - NRE accounts allow repatriable investments.

 - NRO accounts allow non-repatriable investments.

They treat each startup investment as its own mini-fund, so your performance is tied directly to the specific companies you chose to back.

Resident Indians

• Transfer money from your bank account in India to any Mutual fund including GIFT City Funds that allow investments from Resident Indians.

NRI 

• Foreign Currencies are not Accepted for regular Mutual Funds. Please invest by transferring funds in INR from your NRE/NRO Account via UPI or Internet Banking.
• Direct Transfer is permitted form your foreign bank account (in major currencies) to GIFT City Funds

While individual names are private, you will be informed if any single investor holds more than 25% of the fund.

We Accept :

An accredited investor is defined as any person (individual or entity) who fulfills specific eligibility criteria related to net worth or assets as specified by the IFSCA Authority.

Currently our platform does not support. We will update once this functionality is available.

Yes. While both participate in "Restricted Schemes," a standard non-retail investor must meet a high minimum investment floor (e.g., USD 150,000), whereas an Accredited Investor is someone whose financial status allows them to bypass these standard minimum thresholds.

No separate RBI approval is required for mutual fund investments

Qualification is based on meeting specific financial benchmarks set by the Authority. If you meet these criteria, you are considered sophisticated enough to understand the risks of private placements and complex trading strategies.

After successful KYC verification, you can log into the Yellowrock platform, browse available mutual fund schemes, select your preferred funds based on your risk profile and investment goals, choose investment amount and frequency (lump sum or SIP), and complete the transaction using your NRE/NRO account.

The two biggest benefits are speed and accessibility. You can invest in schemes that use the "Green Channel" for immediate launch, and the high entry-level investment minimums typically required for private funds are waived for you.

For schemes that solicit money only from Accredited Investors, the Fund Management Entity (FME) can open the fund for your subscription immediately after filing the paperwork with the Authority, without waiting for the typical regulatory observation period.

If you are facing issues with your KYC, please review the following:

• Ensure all uploaded documents are clear, legible, and valid.

• Check that your signatures match across all documents.

• Verify your PAN card details are entered correctly.

• Contact support for specific guidance if the issue persists.

No, NRIs cannot invest in Indian mutual funds using foreign currency. All investments must be made in Indian rupees through your NRE or NRO account.

Only investments in GIFT CIty Funds can be done in major foreign currencies.

Yes. To ensure "Skin-In-the-Game" managers are usually required to invest their own money in a fund. However, this requirement is waived for the FME if at least two-thirds (2/3rd) of the investors in the scheme are Accredited Investors.

NRIs can invest in various categories including equity funds, debt funds, hybrid funds, ELSS (tax-saving schemes), index funds, and sector-specific funds. However, some schemes related to agriculture or rural sectors may have restrictions.

While the standard minimum investment is USD 150,000, this threshold does not apply to you if you are certified as an Accredited Investor.

Yes, NRIs can set up SIPs for regular investments. SIPs can be monthly or quarterly, and you can modify, pause, or stop them as needed. Auto-debit will occur from your registered NRE/NRO account.

Yes. The Standard Minimum for a VC scheme is USD 250,000, but as an Accredited Investor, you are permitted to invest without adhering to this minimum threshold.

Yes, you can continue existing SIPs that were started when you were a resident Indian. However, you must update your bank account details to your NRE/NRO account and inform the AMC about your changed residential status.

Yes. A FME normally cannot accept funds or securities worth less than USD 150,000 for a PMS agreement (or USD 75,000 in some specific contexts), but this restriction is waived for Accredited Investors.

Yes, NRIs can invest through SIPs using NRE/NRO accounts via standing instructions like Internet Banking e-mandate and UPI Autopay.

Angel Funds are a subset of VC schemes. If you are an Angel Investor (often a subset of Accredited Investors), you must commit to investing at least USD 40,000 over five years.

Yes. SIPs can be paused, increased, or canceled with a few taps.

Yes. Unlike standard mutual funds, the FME of an Angel Fund must obtain express consent from you for every specific startup investment they want to make using your money.

Yes, except in ELSS (locked for 3 years), mutual fund units are generally open for redemption as per scheme guidelines, which is available on the website under every schemes

Each startup investment is placed into a "segregated portfolio" with its own class of units. This ensures your returns are tied directly to the performance of the specific companies you chose to back.

Yes — There are no restrictions for resident Indians. NRIs, OCIs, and former PIOs can also switch between mutual fund schemes in India, but there are some important rules and considerations. Here’s a Yellowrock–specific explanation :

Switching Mutual Fund Schemes for NRIs/OCIs ~

What is a Switch?

A switch is the process of redeeming units from one mutual fund scheme and investing the proceeds into another scheme of the same fund house (AMC). It’s not considered a fresh investment, but rather a combination of redemption + purchase. The entire process is treated as a single transaction by the AMC. However, while process wise this is simple, switch transaction will attract capital gains tax as they are considered as selling of assets by tax authorities.

Eligibility :

NRIs, OCIs, and former PIOs can switch units as long as :

-Their KYC is complete and valid.

-Investments were made from NRE, NRO accounts in their own name.

-The target scheme accepts NRI investments.

Note: Some schemes may be restricted to resident Indians only — those cannot be chosen for switching by NRI's.

Instead of a "Retail Offer Document," you will receive a Placement Memorandum (PPM). This is a detailed private document that outlines the fund’s strategy, risks, leverage, and the "distribution waterfall" (how profits are shared).

3-7 business days. Funds gets credited directly into your linked bank account.

Accredited Investors generally have "pari-passu" and "pro-rata" rights, meaning you receive a share of gains and returns in strict proportion to your contribution, and no other investor in your class can be given more favorable terms.

Yes, taxation is as follows :

Any dividend/Interest received from Mutual Fund by the Non residents - TDS deduction by the mutual fund is 20% + SC + cess.

You can participate in a private placement of an Investment Trust. If the trust is listed, the minimum investment is USD 150,000, but this is waived for Accredited Investors.

Equity-Oriented Funds :

-Short-Term Capital Gains (STCG): Taxed at 20% if held for 12 months or less.  

-Long-Term Capital Gains (LTCG): Taxed at 12.5% on gains exceeding ₹1.25 lakh per financial year, provided the units are held for more than 12 months.

Debt Funds :
Gains on investments made on or after April 1, 2023, are taxed according to your applicable income tax slab rates, irrespective of the holding period. Indexation benefits are no longer available.

TDS & Compliance :
TDS is deducted by the AMC upon redemption at applicable rates.To claim benefits under a Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA), ensure you have a valid Tax Residency Certificate (TRC) and have filed the necessary forms.

For open-ended restricted schemes, the NAV is calculated at least monthly. For close-ended schemes, it is at least half-yearly.

Because you are in a Restricted Scheme, any material change or alteration to the fund's strategy requires the consent of at least two-thirds (2/3rd) of the investors by value.

Yes. NRIs can file income tax returns in India to claim a refund if excess tax is deducted.

Yes, if you earn taxable income in India (e.g., capital gains, rent).

Double taxation occurs when you are taxed on the same income in two different countries, one where you earn the income (known as the source country) and the other where you are a tax resident (known as the resident country).

To avoid such situation, Countries do a bilateral agreement, named as Double Tax Avoidance Agreements (DTAA). The basic objective of this agreement is to avoid taxation of same income in both the countries.

India has signed comprehensive DTAAs with more than 90* countries to help Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) avoid being doubly taxed. This list includes countries such as Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Portugal, Singapore, UAE, USA, UK and many others. Under these agreements, your income and remittances are subject to tax and benefits as per the DTAA with your resident country.

Salient features of DTAA benefit in India are as under

DTAA Overrides Income Tax Act 1961: Provisions of DTAA have been given overriding powers over the Indian Income Tax Act.

Applying DTAA Is Optional: It is the decision of NRI that whether to apply DTAA or seek the course of Domestic Tax. Hence, if domestic tax provisions are more beneficial then NRIs can choose to take benefit of domestic tax provisions e.g. basic exemption slabs, exempted incomes, lower tax as per normal slabs etc. DTAA helps ensure that NRIs/Persons of Indian Origin (PIO)/Overseas Citizens of India (OCI) don't face excessive international tax burdens or cash outflows due to the same income being taxed in multiple jurisdictions. Let's explore the different methods available to claim these benefits.

Foreign Tax Credit (FTC): The resident country may allow you to claim a credit for the taxes you’ve already paid in the source country as per the applicable tax laws of the resident country. Individuals who qualify as Indian residents, can claim credit in India for foreign taxes paid in the source country by filing Form 67 with the income tax department.

Exemption method: Through exemption of income in one country, certain types of income may be entirely exempt from taxation. This would depend based on the clauses of the respective DTAA between the two countries.

Reduced rate of tax: You can pay taxes at a reduced rate as compared to the normal rate as per the Income Tax Act, 1961. For example, if you are a tax resident of the United States (U.S.), under DTAA you can claim a concessional rate of tax, e.g., 15% on the interest earned in India.

For detailed answers to all your tax queries, please use our Tax related AI assistant.

Yes. During KYC, we collect your TIN (Tax Identification Number) (if applicable) and FATCA declaration.

Yes, if the investment was made from an NRE account, the funds are fully repatriable.

Following the Union Budget 2024, capital gains tax treatment has been standardized across most asset classes :

- NRE Account : Full repatriation allowed.

- NRO Account : Up to $1M/year (after taxes).

Yes, NRIs can nominate individuals, including non-residents, for their mutual fund holdings.

The app provides a live dashboard with :

-NAV tracking
-Portfolio returns
-Tax reports
-Capital gains summary

Our support team is here to assist you. You can reach out to us through any of the following channels:

• Email Support: Send an email to support@yellowrock.in for dedicated assistance.

• Phone Support: Click on Contact Us or support button in our app and website and we will call you back. 

Yellowrock partners directly with SEBI-registered investment platforms, Asset Management Companies (AMC), and authorized aggregators (such as CAMS, KFintech, MFU, and CVL).

Your funds are completely safe; they are never held directly by Yellowrock and are only managed by regulated custodians and official clearing corporations.

We prioritize bank-grade security to ensure your personal and financial information remains secure. Our safety protocols include:

• AES-256 Encryption: Industry-leading encryption standards for all data at rest and in transit.

• Biometric Security: Secure app access via fingerprint and facial recognition.

• Regular Audits: Continuous compliance with RBI and SEBI security guidelines.

• Global Standards: Privacy protection handled in accordance with GDPR-compliant data policies.

Yellowrock offers an entirely transparent pricing structure with zero account fees. There are no hidden charges, setup fees, or annual maintenance costs for managing your portfolio through our platform. We get standard commission through the mutual fund house as their distributor.

Typically takes 1-2 hours for CAN approval once all documents are submitted and verified.

You can easily update your overseas details directly through the platform:

• Online Contact/Address Change: These updates are typically auto-approved and reflect within 72 hours.

• Online Bank Change: For your security, updating a bank account requires manual verification and approval, which generally takes 24 hours.

The processing timelines depend on the specific detail being updated :

• Mobile/Email: Updated in real-time via immediate OTP verification.

• Bank Account Changes: Takes approximately 24 hours for manual security approval.

• Address Updates: Takes 3 to 5 working days to be fully verified and processed.

To securely update your bank mandate, you must provide documentation for the new account along with proof of the old account for verification. Required documents include : 

• A cancelled cheque from the new bank account (with your name printed on it).

• A recent bank statement (not older than 3 months).

• A bank certificate confirming the account details.

• Proof of the existing (old) bank account.

Yes, there is a mandatory 10-working-day cooling period. As per AMFI and SEBI regulatory guidelines, if a bank account change request is submitted simultaneously with—or just prior to—a mutual fund redemption request, a 10-day cooling off period is enforced. This is a strict, industry-wide security measure designed to protect investors from unauthorized withdrawals and fraudulent bank mandate changes.

To secure the same-day Net Asset Value (NAV), both your order placement and actual fund realization (when the AMC receives the money) must be completed before SEBI's daily cut-off times:

• Equity Funds: 3:00 PM IST

• Debt Funds: 3:00 PM IST

• Liquid & Overnight Funds: 1:30 PM IST (for purchases) and 3:00 PM IST (for redemptions)

Once a transaction is successfully processed by the AMC, it will appear in your centralized dashboard based on the following timelines:

• Lump Sum Purchases: 1 to 2 working days after your payment is confirmed.

• SIP Investments: 2 to 3 working days after your scheduled auto-debit date.

• Redemptions (Withdrawals): 7-10 working days for the funds to be credited to your primary bank account, depending on the asset class.

We give real-time transaction status on app/web and emails. It takes 2-3 days for a transaction to reflect in your portfolio dashboard as per the confirmation given by the Registrar and Transfer Agents (RTA) used for Mutual Funds accross the industry. 

Check if payment was made before cut-off time.
-Verify bank account details.
-Ensure sufficient funds were available.
-Contact support with transaction reference number.

Order rejections usually occur due to banking errors or strict regulatory compliance flags. The most common reasons include :

• Insufficient Funds: The linked bank account did not have enough balance at the time of the debit request.

• Invalid Bank Details: A mismatch in account numbers, names, or IFSC codes.

• Incomplete KYC: Your regulatory KYC status is pending, rejected, or requires updating.

• Investment Limits Exceeded: Breaching the maximum investment limits set for a specific mutual fund scheme.

• Country Restrictions: Certain AMCs strictly prohibit investments from specific geographies (such as the USA or Canada) due to FATCA and local compliance laws.

Use the 'Forgot Password' option on the login screen and follow the OTP-based reset process using your registered mobile number.

We automatically update our platform to ensure compliance with all new SEBI regulations, and we immediately notify users of any changes that may affect their investments.

We work directly with RBI-approved partner banks and Registrar and Transfer Agents (RTAs) to ensure all transactions comply with existing regulations.

We continuously monitor tax law changes and update our platform accordingly. Users are notified of any significant changes that may impact their investments or tax filing.

Yellowrock acts as a distributor/platform and provides educational content and curated fund options. It does not provide personalised tax or legal advice. For tax planning / DTAA claims / complex estate or cross-border issues, we recommend you consult a qualified tax or legal professional.

Yes. You can download transaction histories, capital gains statements, and Consolidated Account Statements (CAS) directly from your Yellowrock dashboard, or request them through Support. These are highly useful for tax filing and DTAA/TRC processes.

Before you begin, ensure you have the following :

1.     Valid passport and PAN.

2.     Completed NRI KYC and FATCA/CRS declaration.

3.     Linked NRE/NRO bank account (confirm repatriation intent). 

Yellowrock provides a comprehensive dashboard to track all your investments. You can view your current portfolio value, individual fund performance, profit/loss statements, and transaction history, as well as receive regular portfolio statements.

Yes. Yellowrock supports both lump sum purchases and SIP mandates. 

You may continue, but you must notify the AMC/fund house and complete a fresh NRI KYC and bank mandate conversion (from regular bank account to NRE or NRO) where required. Failure to update your status or mandate may lead to mandate failures or regulatory non-compliance.

Yes. Mutual fund folios can have joint holders and nominations. Note: For NRIs, the rules for joint holdings, nomination, and succession may have local legal implications. Always provide the correct KYC for all holders and ensure nomination documents are in place.

You will receive regular portfolio statements, transaction confirmations, dividend/bonus notifications, NAV updates, tax statements for capital gains, and annual reports from fund houses.

You can modify your SIP amount, change the frequency (monthly to quarterly or vice versa), pause SIPs temporarily, or stop them permanently through the Yellowrock platform.

Yellowrock provides dedicated Customer Support through multiple channels including phone, email, and chat. Technical issues are typically resolved within 24-48 hours with real-time status updates.

Failure to update your residential status can lead to account freezing, blocked transactions, non-compliance with tax regulations, and potential penalties. It is mandatory to inform AMCs within 30 days of a status change.

When you become a resident Indian, you must update your status with all AMCs and convert your NRE/NRO accounts to regular savings accounts. Your existing investments can continue, but future investments will be processed as a resident.

Yellowrock provides account recovery options through identity verification, registered bank account validation, and customer support assistance. With proper documentation, this process typically takes 3-5 business days.

Yellowrock can provide consolidated view of all you past and future transactions based on your consent. This can become default platform without you having to do anything.

You can always choose to transfer mutual fund holdings between platforms or directly to the AMCs if you wish to do so.

GIFT City (Gujarat International Finance Tec-City) is India's first International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) located in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.

It operates as a separate financial jurisdiction within India where all transactions are conducted in foreign currencies rather than Indian Rupees. GIFT City provides a global financial hub with world-class infrastructure, tax benefits, and regulatory frameworks aligned with international standards, making it particularly attractive for NRIs, OCIs, PIOs, and foreign investors seeking India-linked investment opportunities.

GIFT City operates under distinct regulations and offers several key advantages over mainland Indian financial markets:

• Currency: All transactions must be conducted in freely convertible foreign currencies, not Indian Rupees (INR).

• Regulation: It is regulated by the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) rather than SEBI (which regulates domestic markets).

• Jurisdiction: Despite being physically located in India, it is treated as an "offshore" territory for taxation and regulatory purposes.

• Tax Exemptions: There is zero Securities Transaction Tax (STT), Commodity Transaction Tax (CTT), and stamp duty.

• GST: There is no Goods and Services Tax (GST) on financial services provided to IFSC entities.

• Exclusive Benefits: It offers specific tax exemptions and operational benefits that are simply not available in mainland India.

GIFT City currently permits transactions in 14 freely convertible foreign currencies, including :

• US Dollar (USD)

• Euro (EUR)

• Japanese Yen (JPY)

• UK Pound Sterling (GBP)

• Canadian Dollar (CAD)

• Australian Dollar (AUD)

• Swiss Franc (CHF)

• Hong Kong Dollar (HKD)

• Singapore Dollar (SGD)

• UAE Dirham (AED)

• Russian Rouble (RUB)

Note: All settlements must occur in these specified foreign currencies. INR-denominated transactions may only be permitted if expressly allowed by the IFSCA, and they must still be settled in a foreign currency.

The following categories of investors are eligible to invest :

-Non-Resident Indians (NRIs): Can invest freely without Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) restrictions.

-Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs): Can invest freely.

-Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs): Can invest freely.

-Foreign Investors: Eligible if they are from FATF-compliant jurisdictions.

-Resident Indians: Can invest under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) up to a limit of USD 250,000 per financial year.

Important Exclusions: Investors from the USA and Canada, as well as investors from FATF-blacklisted or grey-listed countries, are generally not eligible for certain GIFT City fund offerings. Please check specific scheme details before investing.

The minimum investment requirements vary strictly by product type:

• Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs): Minimum of USD 150,000 (approximately ₹1.25 crore).

• Portfolio Management Services (PMS): Minimum of USD 75,000.

• Retail Mutual Funds: Minimums can be as low as USD 500 to USD 5,000, depending on the specific scheme.

Note for Resident Indians: All GIFT City investments must fall within the overall LRS limit of USD 250,000 per financial year.

GIFT City follows IFSCA-compliant KYC requirements that are perfectly aligned with international Anti-Money Laundering (AML) standards. Individual investors require :

• Proof of Identity like Aadhaar or a valid passport (including visa/residency details).

• Proof of overseas address (such as a utility bill or bank statement, not older than 2 months).

• A PAN card (for Indian nationals/NRIs). Note: Non-residents without other Indian income are exempt.

• A recent photograph and signature.

• Bank account details. NRI's can use their existing foreign bank accounts. 

If you already have a bank account or existing investments in India, then we can pull your existing KYC records based on your consent.

Certification Requirement: Documents must be certified by an authorized entity in rare cases, such as :

• An authorized official of a bank located in a FATF-compliant jurisdiction where you hold an account.

• A Notary Public, Court Magistrate, or Judge (outside India).

• A Certified Public or Professional Accountant (outside India).

• A Lawyer (outside India).

• The Embassy or Consulate General of your country of citizenship.

GIFT City offers a diverse and growing range of global investment options. However, Yellowrock currently offers only investments in reputed Fund Managment Entities in Mutual Funds either Offshore mutual funds or feeder funds investing in Indian and global securities with a proven track record.

They serve different investor profiles and have distinct structures:

• Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs): Geared toward sophisticated or High-Net-Worth Individuals (HNIs). They require a high minimum investment (USD 150,000), are structured as close-ended funds with a typical 3-year lock-in, and are generally less liquid. They may also employ complex strategies and leverage.

• Mutual Funds: Geared toward a broader retail base. They have much lower minimums (as low as USD 500), can be open-ended or close-ended, and are generally far more liquid. They operate with standardized processes and highly transparent regulatory reporting.

Yes, GIFT City funds offer exceptional global flexibility:

• Funds can act as inbound feeder funds, allocating 90–100% of capital into mainland Indian mutual funds and ETFs.

• AIFs can deploy up to 25% of their capital directly into foreign markets.

• Funds can dynamically allocate capital across diversified market-cap assets (50–100%) and thematic/sectoral assets (0–50%).

• They provide direct access to US, European, Chinese, and other global equity and debt markets.

This dual capability allows you to gain global exposure while operating through an Indian jurisdiction with favorable tax treatments.

GIFT City (Gujarat International Finance Tec-City) serves as India’s premier International Financial Services Centre (IFSC). It offers a highly competitive tax and regulatory framework designed to attract global capital.

Below is the organized tax framework for investors in GIFT IFSC :

-Tax Advantages for Non-Resident Investors :

Non-residents benefit from several exemptions and lower tax rates compared to the domestic tariff area (mainland India).

-Alternative Investment Funds (AIF) Taxation :

The tax treatment for AIFs in GIFT City depends on their category and structure.

For non-resident investors in GIFT City IFSC, tax and filing requirements are streamlined to facilitate ease of investment. Below is the simplified compliance framework based on current regulations :

Compliance Summary for GIFT City IFSC -

GIFT City provides massive advantages for managing cross-border currency exposure:

• Currency Risk Management: Because investments are held and transacted entirely in foreign currencies (like USD or EUR), you eliminate the forex conversion losses typically caused by INR depreciation (which averages 3–5% annually). It perfectly protects your purchasing power.

• Repatriation Benefits: You are allowed 100% repatriation of both your initial capital and returns. International remittances happen seamlessly without RBI bottlenecks. Income earned can be repatriated directly in foreign currency—bypassing the INR conversion entirely—with no waiting periods or complex NRE/NRO compliance requirements.

Yes, GIFT City investments fully benefit from India's expansive DTAA network:

• India currently holds DTAA treaties with over 90 countries.

• Investors can claim foreign tax credits directly in their home country of residence.

• Depending on the specific treaty, capital gains and dividend taxation may be significantly reduced.

• Caution for US Investors: Investors from the USA still face PFIC (Passive Foreign Investment Company) complications despite DTAA treaties. We highly recommend consulting a cross-border tax advisor to understand how specific treaty benefits apply to your situation.

The investment process involves three broad steps :

Complete KYC Onboarding: Submit your IFSCA-compliant KYC documents (passport, address proof, PAN, and bank details). This process is typically completely digital, and Indian nationals can use video-based identification (V-CIP).

Transfer Funds: Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and foreign investors can remit funds directly from their foreign bank accounts. Resident Indians must transfer funds under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS) through an authorized dealer bank, which usually takes 1 to 3 working days.

Subscribe to the Fund: Complete the application forms for your selected mutual fund scheme. Units are allotted upon the receipt of funds, and a Statement of Account (SOA) is issued.

Yellowrock makes it seamless for you.

Redemption procedures vary based on the specific type of fund:

• Open-Ended Schemes: Requests can be submitted at any time. Liquid funds are typically processed on a T+1 (one working day) basis, while other schemes take T+3. Some funds may process redemptions on a weekly or monthly basis. Funds are credited directly to your registered foreign currency account.

• Close-Ended Schemes & AIFs: These have a fixed tenure with a minimum 3-year lock-in period. Early redemptions may not be permitted, or they may be subject to strict penalties and applicable exit loads.

• Liquidity Considerations: Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) are generally less liquid than traditional mutual funds and may feature infrequent redemption windows. Proper financial planning is essential to avoid liquidity constraints. Redemption values are always calculated based on the current NAV minus any applicable exit loads.

GIFT City operates under robust, globally aligned regulatory oversight:

• Primary Regulator: The International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) serves as the unified regulator for all financial services in the IFSC, replacing the fragmented regulation of RBI, SEBI, IRDAI, and PFRDA for these specific activities.

• Regulatory Framework: The IFSCA (Fund Management) Regulations, 2025 provide a comprehensive framework aligned with global best practices. The ecosystem requires regular compliance monitoring and achieved ISO 27001 certification for information security in December 2024.

• Investor Protection: Safeguards include strict "fit and proper" criteria for fund managers and key personnel, the mandatory appointment of fiduciaries/trustees, minimum net worth requirements for fund managers, strict segregation of client assets, annual audits, and a structured grievance redressal mechanism.

Investors based in North America face specific tax and compliance frameworks:

• US-Based NRIs: Indian mutual funds and GIFT City AIFs are classified as PFICs (Passive Foreign Investment Companies) under US tax law. This leads to punitive taxation (up to 37% plus penalty interest), mark-to-market taxation on unrealized gains, and complex annual Form 8621 filings. Combined tax burdens can exceed 50%. Recommended alternatives: Direct stock investments via PMS, GIFT City fixed deposits, or US-domiciled funds.

• Canada-Based NRIs: Canadian residents do not face PFIC rules, making their process much simpler. They simply need to report foreign holdings exceeding CAD 100,000 on Form T1135.

Investors should carefully consider the following risks :

• Liquidity Risk: AIFs are close-ended with a minimum 3-year lock-in, making early exits difficult compared to traditional mutual funds.

• Currency Risk: Investing in USD protects against INR depreciation, but introduces exposure to foreign exchange fluctuations when converting back to your home currency.

• Regulatory Risk: The IFSCA regulatory framework is still evolving compared to established mainland regulations.

• Market Risk: Standard investment risks apply, and international market exposure brings global volatility.

• Operational Risk: GIFT City is a newer ecosystem with limited long-term track records for some fund managers.

• Minimum Investment Risk: High entry barriers (e.g., USD 150,000 for AIFs) require a substantial capital commitment.

Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) in the GIFT IFSC ecosystem are currently in an evolutionary phase. Because GIFT City primarily focuses on high-net-worth and institutional capital, availability differs significantly from traditional domestic mutual funds.

SIP & Systematic Transaction Availability in GIFT IFSC -

Performance monitoring follows strict international standards :

• Reporting: Fund houses publish regular NAV updates, provide quarterly statements, and issue comprehensive annual reports. Investors can also track their portfolios in real-time via broker and custodian online platforms.

• Performance Considerations: Returns are impacted by both underlying asset performance and currency movements. USD-denominated returns must be adjusted for exchange rates when evaluated in INR.

• Transparency: Risk management, strategy disclosure, and holding reports are strictly aligned with international standards and IFSCA compliance norms.

The rules depend on your residency and the nature of the transaction:

• Unspent Funds (Indian Residents under LRS): Any unused foreign exchange must be repatriated to India within 180 days from the date of remittance. Idle foreign currency cannot be kept in a GIFT City account beyond this period and must be surrendered to an authorized dealer bank.

• Investment Reversals: Redemptions follow the standard timeline for the specific fund type (open or close-ended). Exit loads may apply for early withdrawals, and the final proceeds are credited back to your registered foreign currency account.

Indian tax residency is determined solely by the number of days you spend physically present in India during the financial year. You are classified as a resident if you stay for 182 days or more, OR if you stay for 60 days in the current year plus 365 days across the previous four years. Resident Indians are taxed on their global income, whereas non-residents are only taxed on income sourced directly from India.

Non-residents are taxed exclusively on income that is received, deemed to be received, accrues, or arises in India. Typical taxable categories include dividend payouts, interest income, capital gains from Indian assets, royalties, and fees for technical services (as defined strictly under Section 5(2) and Section 9 of the Income-tax Act).

Capital gains taxation underwent significant changes in the recent Union Budget (effective July 2024). The current base rates for non-residents are:

• Listed Equities & Equity Mutual Funds:

  • Short-Term (held ≤ 12 months): 20% flat rate.

  • Long-Term (held > 12 months): 12.5% flat rate on gains exceeding ₹1.25 lakh annually.

• Other Assets (Real Estate, Unlisted Shares, Debt):

  • Short-Term (held ≤ 24 months): Taxed at your applicable income tax slab rate.

  • Long-Term (held > 24 months): 12.5% flat rate without any indexation benefits.
    

Note: These base rates apply automatically to non-resident investors unless you explicitly claim relief under a Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA).

Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) is automatically withheld before income is credited to a non-resident. Typical rates include:

• Dividends: 20% (plus applicable surcharge and health/education cess).

• Interest on ECB / FCNR / NCDs: Ranges from 5% to 20% depending on the specific debt instrument.

• Royalties & Fees for Technical Services (FTS): Ranges from 10% to 25% based on Section 115A or treaty provisions.

• Capital Gains: Withheld at 20% for short-term equity and 12.5% for long-term equity.

TDS rates can be significantly reduced if you successfully invoke benefits under a DTAA.

Form 15CA is an online declaration submitted before remitting funds abroad. Form 15CB is a Chartered Accountant's certificate confirming the taxability of the remittance. These forms ensure tax compliance when money moves out of India to non-residents.

To successfully claim DTAA benefits (which can reduce your capital gains, interest, and royalty tax burdens), you must formally submit the following documentation to your financial institution:

• A valid Tax Residency Certificate (TRC) issued by the government of your home country.

• Form 10F, which digitally records your residency and identity details.

• A signed self-declaration legally invoking the specific treaty benefits.

Typical requirements include :

-Passport and overseas address proof
-PAN/TIN
-FATCA/CRS declaration
-Tax Residency Certificate (TRC)
-Form 10F - Self-declaration for DTAA claims
-These documents ensure compliance with Indian AML and global reporting rules.

Repatriation requires documentation such as a Foreign Inward Remittance Certificate (FIRC), tax computation, and CA-certified Form 15CB. The remitting bank files Form 15CA and ensures taxes have been deducted before funds are sent overseas.

A Foreign Inward Remittance Certificate (FIRC) is an official document issued by an authorized dealer bank serving as legal proof that foreign currency has been received in India. It is a crucial document frequently required for the outward repatriation of funds, completing tax filings, and fulfilling strict regulatory compliance checks.

All investments originating from non-residents must strictly adhere to India's Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA). Under this framework, financial institutions must perform comprehensive Customer Due Diligence (CDD), mandate Enhanced Due Diligence (EDD) for investors from high-risk jurisdictions, run FATF compliance checks, and conduct ongoing transaction monitoring to ensure absolute regulatory adherence.